Explore major Indian statutory acts, modern criminal legal codes (BNS, BNSS, BSA 2023), constitutional frameworks, and key citizen provisions in clear, authoritative plain language.
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Replaced the 163-year-old Indian Penal Code (IPC 1860) with a modern criminal legal code focused on justice rather than colonial punishment.
Offences against human body, property, public order, state sovereignty, organized crime, terror acts, and community service punishments.
Governs the procedural framework for police investigations, arrests, bail, trials, and court administration in criminal matters.
Police arrest powers, Zero FIR, e-FIR, mandatory forensic collection, bail procedures, and strict trial time limits.
Modernizes the rules of evidence admissibility, giving equal legal standing to electronic records, digital signatures, and server logs.
Rules of primary & secondary evidence, electronic evidence admissibility, expert opinions, and witness protection.
The supreme legal document establishing the political structure, fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens and government.
Part III Fundamental Rights (Art 12-35), Part IV Directive Principles, Part IV-A Fundamental Duties, Union & State judiciary.
Provides legal recognition for electronic commerce, digital signatures, cyber crimes, data privacy, and computer system security.
Cyber crimes, unauthorized computer access, identity theft, online fraud, cyber terrorism, and intermediary liability.
Protects consumer rights against defective goods, deficient services, unfair trade practices, misleading advertisements, and e-commerce fraud.
Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), e-Daakhil filing, product liability, misleading ads, and Consumer Disputes Commissions.
Regulates road transport, driver licensing, vehicle registration, traffic safety regulations, third-party insurance, and accident compensation.
Driving licences, traffic fines, DUI offences, third-party accident claims (MACT), and hit-and-run compensation.
Empowers citizens to request information from public authorities, promoting government transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption.
Public Information Officers (PIOs), 30-day response mandate, first and second appeals, and Information Commissions.
Provides civil remedies and protection orders for women suffering physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, or economic abuse within domestic relationships.
Protection Orders, Residence Orders, Monetary Relief, Custody Orders, and Protection Officers.
Mandates safe working environments for women by preventing, prohibiting, and redressing workplace sexual harassment across formal & informal sectors.
Internal Complaints Committee (ICC), Local Complaints Committee (LCC), inquiry timelines, and employer duties.
Consolidates laws relating to children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection through child-friendly adjudication.
Juvenile Justice Boards (JJB), Child Welfare Committees (CWC), adoption rules (CARA), and rehabilitation homes.
Special law enacted to protect children below 18 years from sexual assault, harassment, and pornography with child-friendly trial procedures.
Penalties for penetrative and non-penetrative sexual assault, mandatory reporting, Special Courts, and child recording safeguards.
Regulates company formation, responsibilities of directors, corporate governance, auditing standards, CSR mandates, and company dissolution.
Incorporation, One Person Company (OPC), Director duties, NCLT / NCLAT, Independent Directors, and CSR mandates (Sec 135).
Governs inter-vivos (between living persons) transfers of immovable property including sales, mortgages, leases, exchanges, and gifts.
Sale deeds, mortgage types, lease agreements, gift deeds, actionable claims, and doctrine of lis pendens.
Defines the formation, execution, and enforceability of contracts, agreements, breach remedies, indemnity, guarantee, bailment, and agency.
Offer, acceptance, consideration, free consent, void contracts, breach of contract damages (Sec 73-74), and indemnity.
Governs promissory notes, bills of exchange, cheques, and establishes criminal liability for cheque bounce due to insufficient funds.
Cheque bounce complaints (Section 138), statutory demand notice, interim compensation (Sec 143A), and summary trials.
Consolidates laws relating to domestic arbitration, international commercial arbitration, enforcement of foreign arbitral awards, and conciliation.
Arbitration agreements, tribunal appointments, interim court measures (Sec 9 & 17), arbitral awards, and Section 34 challenges.
Fulfills Constitutional mandate under Article 39A by establishing NALSA, SALSA, DLSA, and Lok Adalats to guarantee free legal services to eligible citizens.
Free legal representation, advocate assignments, court fee waivers, Lok Adalats, and Permanent Lok Adalats.
Umbrella legislation protecting and improving environmental quality, regulating industrial emissions, hazardous waste management, and NGT jurisdiction.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), hazardous substance handling, pollution control orders, and NGT enforcement.
Provides for the effective management of natural & man-made disasters, establishing NDMA, SDMA, and emergency executive power execution.
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), National Disaster Response Force (NDRF), emergency directives, and relief funds.
Protects home buyers, ensures transparency in real estate transactions, regulates property builders, and establishes State Real Estate Regulatory Authorities.
Mandatory project registration, escrow account rules (70% funds deposit), builder delay penalties, and RERA Tribunals.
Consolidates and simplifies 4 legacy labour statutes (Equal Remuneration, Minimum Wages, Payment of Wages, Payment of Bonus) into a uniform code.
Universal floor wage, minimum wage calculations, timely wage payment, bonus entitlements, and gender wage equality.
Governs marriage, solemnization, judicial separation, nullity, restitution of conjugal rights, and divorce for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, and Sikhs.
Conditions for valid marriage, bigamy ban, restitution of conjugal rights (Sec 9), divorce grounds (Sec 13), and mutual consent divorce (Sec 13B).
Provides a civil form of marriage for any two individuals in India regardless of religion, faith, or caste without religious conversion.
Civil marriage registration, 30-day public notice, Marriage Officers, divorce grounds, and succession rules.
Fulfills Article 21A by guaranteeing free and compulsory elementary education for all children between 6 and 14 years in India.
25% private school EWS quota, pupil-teacher ratios, prohibition of screening tests/capitation fees, and corporal punishment ban.
The supreme law of India establishing state governance, fundamental rights, directive principles, and citizen duties.
Declares India a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic securing Justice (Social, Economic, Political), Liberty, Equality & Fraternity.
Enforceable in courts against state action. Guarantees equality (Art 14), 6 freedoms (Art 19), right to life & privacy (Art 21), and arrest safeguards (Art 22).
Directs state policies towards social justice, universal welfare, equal pay for equal work, free legal aid (Art 39A), and environmental preservation.
Empowers Supreme Court (Art 32) and High Courts (Art 226) to issue Writs of Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto & Certiorari.
Core articles protecting every citizen in India daily
A complete structural transition from colonial 19th-century penal statutes to modern justice-centered codes.
Defines primary criminal offences, culpability, statutory community service for minor offences, organized crime (Sec 111), and enhanced penalties for crimes against women & children.
Governs police investigations, statutory Zero FIR & e-FIR, mandatory forensic sampling for 7+ year offences, video recording of searches, and strict 90-day charge sheet timelines.
Recognizes digital and electronic records (emails, server logs, WhatsApp messages, smartphone media) as primary evidence on equal footing with paper documents.
Defines the Crime & Punishment
FIR, Arrest, Custody & Bail Procedure
Admissibility of Physical & Digital Proof
Understand key differences between historical Indian codes and active modern statutes.
511 Sections, colonial punitive focus, sedition under Sec 124A, no recognition of community service.
358 Sections, statutory community service for 6 minor crimes, organized crime (Sec 111), mob lynching (Sec 103).
484 Sections, paper filing, no statutory time limit on judgments, discretionary Zero FIR registration.
531 Sections, statutory Zero FIR & e-FIR, mandatory video-recording of search/seizure, 90-day charge sheet limit.
167 Sections, heavy presumption toward physical paper documents, complex Sec 65B certification hurdles.
170 Sections, Electronic & Digital records given primary evidence standing under standardized Section 63 rules.
Real-life everyday scenarios illustrating how Indian statutes apply to common citizen situations.
Governed by BNS 2023 for criminal charges, and BNSS 2023 for mandatory arrest memos, bail eligibility, and magistrate presentation within 24 hours.
Step-by-Step FIR Guide →Governed by IT Act 2000 (Sec 66C/D), BNS 2023 (Sec 318 Cheating), and National Cyber Helpline 1930 for golden-hour account freeze.
Cyber Scam 1930 Guide →Governed by Consumer Protection Act 2019. Entitles buyer to refund, replacement, and compensation via CCPA and online e-Daakhil filing.
Consumer Court Guide →Governed by Motor Vehicles Act 1988 (Amended 2019). Defines DigiLocker validity, Virtual Courts for challan disposal, and MACT compensation.
Contest Traffic Challan →A structured 7-step roadmap from statutory knowledge to seeking legal remedies.
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The NYAYI Legal Dictionary provides plain-language definitions for over 1,200+ Indian legal terms across Criminal, Civil, Constitutional, Property, and Latin Maxims.
Understanding statutes becomes actionable power when combined with awareness of your constitutional safeguards during police checkpoints, arrests, consumer disputes, and landlord issues.
Common questions regarding Indian legal statutes, new criminal codes, and study usage.
The Indian Laws Library is a structured digital reference database by NYAYI explaining major Indian acts, modern criminal law codes (BNS, BNSS, BSA 2023), and constitutional frameworks in clear, plain language.
Yes. Central acts such as the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS 2023), BNSS, BSA, IT Act, and Consumer Protection Act apply across all States and Union Territories of India, subject to specific state-amended procedural rules.
BNS (Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita) defines crimes and punishments (substantive law); BNSS (Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita) defines police procedure, FIRs, bail, and trial steps (procedural law); BSA (Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam) defines rules of court evidence and digital records admissibility.
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS 2023) replaced the IPC 1860 on July 1, 2024. All offences committed on or after July 1, 2024 are charged under BNS sections.
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS 2023) replaced the CrPC 1973 on July 1, 2024, introducing strict trial timelines, e-FIR, and Zero FIR provisions.
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA 2023) replaced the Evidence Act 1872 on July 1, 2024, giving full legal standing to electronic/digital evidence and cloud server records.
Yes! Use the live Library Search bar at the top of the page or click any category chip to instantly filter through laws by name, topic, or keyword.
Yes! The library includes interactive statutory cards, comparative framework charts, and key constitutional article breakdowns designed for law students and exam preparation.
No. NYAYI provides educational and informational resources to promote legal literacy. It does not provide formal legal advice, representation, or substitute for a qualified advocate.
NYAYI provides educational and informational resources intended to help users understand Indian legal concepts. Laws, procedures and their application can depend on specific facts, jurisdiction, statutory amendments, and the applicable date. Information on this platform should not be treated as a substitute for legal advice from a qualified advocate.
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