Understanding Article 21 and Personal Liberty in Modern India | NYAYI Legal Journal

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Article at a Glance

No person deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
Puttaswamy judgment incorporated Right to Privacy as intrinsic to Article 21.
Covers sub-rights: Right to Livelihood, Clean Water, Legal Aid, and Speedy Trial.

Executive Overview

Exploring how Supreme Court jurisprudence expanded Article 21 to cover right to privacy, speedy trial, clean environment, and dignity.

Key Takeaways & Practical Takeouts

Procedure established by law must be just, fair, and reasonable (Maneka Gandhi doctrine).
Illegal police detention or wiretapping without statutory warrant violates Article 21.

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Related Law Constitution of India Article 21 Related Right Right to Life & Personal Liberty Related Terms Article 21, Procedure Established by Law, Due Process

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Table of Contents

Core Scope of Article 21
Privacy Landmark (Puttaswamy)
The Spectrum of Expanded Rights

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